Q&A: Global Forest Loss Trends and Regulatory Updates in 2026

Welcome to our deep dive into the latest developments in forest conservation and deforestation policy. Over the past months, tropical primary forest loss has dropped significantly, yet challenges remain. Meanwhile, regulations in the EU and UK are evolving, and a major trade deal has come into effect. Here we answer key questions on these topics.

How much did tropical primary forest loss decline recently and why?

Tropical primary forest loss fell by more than one-third from 2024 to 2025, according to the latest Global Forest Review by the World Resources Institute. Primary forests are those that are intact or relatively undisturbed by humans. The decline is largely attributed to a decrease in extreme fires compared to the record-breaking year of 2024. However, the loss remains 46% higher than a decade ago. This mixed picture shows progress but also underscores the ongoing threat to these vital ecosystems.

Which countries showed notable progress in reducing deforestation, and what factors contributed?

Brazil had the largest absolute loss of primary forest, but deforestation there fell by 42% compared to the previous year. This was achieved through a governmental task force that included civil society, academia, local communities, and the private sector. Other countries showing progress include Indonesia, Malaysia, and Colombia. Their improvements were driven by better governance, recognition of Indigenous land rights, and corporate commitments to deforestation-free production. These examples highlight the importance of collaborative and inclusive approaches to forest protection.

How does the current deforestation rate compare with global targets?

Despite the recent decline, the amount of deforestation still remains far above the level required to put the world on track to meet international targets to halt and reverse forest loss by 2030. As noted by BusinessGreen, fires present a growing threat that could reverse recent gains. Moreover, agricultural expansion continues to be the biggest driver of forest loss worldwide. These trends indicate that while progress is being made, much stronger action is needed to meet the 2030 goals.

What changes were made to the EU deforestation law regarding leather?

Under pressure from industry groups, the European Commission decided to exclude imports of leather from its anti-deforestation law. Leather industry groups argued that leather is a by-product of the meat industry with relatively low value, so its production does not incentivize the cattle farming that drives deforestation. It is important to note that imported beef is still covered by the law. This decision has been controversial, with environmental groups criticizing the loophole.

What is the status of UK deforestation regulations?

A group of UK Parliament members released an open letter calling for long-overdue regulations to end UK imports linked to illegal deforestation. While a forest-risk regulation was introduced in 2021 as part of the Environment Act, lawmakers have spent the last four years delaying its implementation. As reported by Mongabay, the delay has frustrated campaigners who argue that the UK is failing to meet its deforestation commitments. The open letter urges the government to finalize and enforce the rules without further procrastination.

What is the EU-Mercosur trade deal and its implications for deforestation?

The EU-Mercosur trade agreement between the European Union and four South American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay) provisionally came into force on 1 May 2026 after 25 years of negotiations. The deal aims to reduce tariffs and increase trade, but environmental groups have raised concerns that it could lead to increased deforestation in the Amazon and other biomes. The European Commission has stated that the agreement includes environmental safeguards, but critics argue they are insufficient. The provisional implementation means that parts of the deal are now being applied.